Edward Stephen Jr.

A closure is a special kind of function in Python that remembers values from the environment where it was created—even if that environment no longer exists. In other words, a closure “closes over” variables from its outer function and keeps them safe inside. Why does this matter? Closures help you keep data private and create … Read more

In Python, a curried function is a function that doesn’t take all its arguments at once. Instead, it takes them one by one—each time returning a new function that remembers the previous arguments. This continues until all the arguments are received and the final result can be produced. Why would you want to do that? … Read more

In Python, a docstring is a short message you write inside your code to explain what something does. It stands for documentation string. You place it right below a function, class, or module — inside triple quotes (“””like this”””). Docstrings are not comments. They are part of your code and can be seen when someone … Read more

Recursion in Python is when a function calls itself to solve smaller parts of a bigger problem. This technique is useful when a task can be broken into simpler sub-tasks that look just like the original—like counting backwards, breaking down a number, or exploring nested lists and trees. It helps you solve problems by repeating … Read more

Active threads are the threads that are currently running or still alive in your Python program. Knowing which threads are active can help you monitor your program’s progress, manage resources better, or debug issues when multiple threads are involved. In this article, you will learn how to use Python’s threading.enumerate() to get a list of … Read more

In Python, the main thread is the first thread that starts when your program runs. It acts like the boss, controlling the overall flow of your program. Sometimes, when working with multiple threads, you need to know which thread is the main one—for example, to manage thread behavior or to make sure certain code runs … Read more

When you write programs with threads, multiple tasks can run at the same time. But inside each task, you might wonder: “Which thread is running this?” That’s where Python gives you a helpful tool. The threading module includes a simple function: current_thread(). This lets you check the identity of the thread currently running your code. … Read more

In Python, both processes and threads help you run multiple tasks at the same time. A process is like a separate program running on your computer, each with its own memory. A thread is a smaller task running inside a program, sharing the same memory with other threads. Using processes and threads makes your programs … Read more

Threads are great when you want parts of your program to run at the same time. But sometimes, these threads need to talk to each other — like one thread making things and another using them. This is where a Queue comes in. A Queue is a special tool that lets threads pass data to … Read more

When working with multiple threads, there are times when you want all threads to pause at a certain point and wait for each other before moving on. This ensures that no thread gets too far ahead, and everyone stays in sync. A Barrier in Python threading acts like a red light on the road. Each … Read more