Displaying hierarchical data is a common requirement in many GUI applications, enabling users to view and interact with structured data efficiently. QTreeWidget
, a versatile widget in PyQt6, provides a simple and powerful way to manage and display hierarchical data within your applications. It supports various functionalities, including adding, removing, and customizing tree items, handling user interactions, and integrating with other widgets.
In this article, we will explore the features of QTreeWidget
, starting with setting up the development environment and creating a basic QTreeWidget. We will then delve into adding and customizing items, handling signals, managing item selection, and removing items. Additionally, we will cover advanced features such as drag and drop support and integrating QTreeWidget with other widgets.
Setting Up the Development Environment
Before we dive into creating and customizing QTreeWidget
, we need to set up our development environment. This includes installing Python and PyQt6, and ensuring we have everything ready to start writing and running PyQt6 applications.
Installing Python and PyQt6
To get started, ensure you have Python installed on your computer. PyQt6 requires Python 3.6 or later. You can download the latest version of Python from the official Python website. Once Python is installed, open your command prompt or terminal and install PyQt6 using the pip package manager by running the following command:
pip install PyQt6
This command will download and install PyQt6 along with all its dependencies.
Setting Up a Development Environment
To write and run your PyQt6 code, you can use any text editor or Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Some popular choices include PyCharm, a powerful IDE for Python with support for PyQt6; VS Code, a lightweight and versatile code editor with Python extensions; and Sublime Text, a simple yet efficient text editor. Choose the one that you’re most comfortable with.
Writing a Simple PyQt6 Application
To ensure everything is set up correctly, let’s write a simple PyQt6 application that creates a window with a QTreeWidget
widget.
- Create a New Python File: Open your IDE or text editor and create a new Python file named
simple_qtreewidget.py
. - Write the Code: Copy and paste the following code into your
simple_qtreewidget.py
file:
import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTreeWidget, QTreeWidgetItem
# Create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create a QWidget instance (main window)
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle('QTreeWidget Example')
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)
# Create a QVBoxLayout instance
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# Create a QTreeWidget instance
tree_widget = QTreeWidget(window)
tree_widget.setHeaderLabels(['Column 1', 'Column 2'])
# Add the QTreeWidget to the layout
layout.addWidget(tree_widget)
# Set the layout for the main window
window.setLayout(layout)
# Show the main window
window.show()
# Run the application's event loop
sys.exit(app.exec())
- Run the Script: Save your file and run it. You should see a window appear with an empty
QTreeWidget
displaying two columns.
In the code above, we start by importing the necessary modules from PyQt6, including QApplication
, QWidget
, QVBoxLayout
, QTreeWidget
, and QTreeWidgetItem
.
Next, we create an instance of the QApplication
class, which is required for any PyQt6 application. This instance manages application-wide resources and settings.
We then create an instance of QWidget
, which serves as the main window of the application. We set the title of the window using the setWindowTitle
method and define the position and size of the window using the setGeometry
method.
A QTreeWidget
widget is created and added to the main window. We set the header labels for the columns using the setHeaderLabels
method. To arrange the QTreeWidget
widget vertically within the window, we create a QVBoxLayout
instance. The addWidget
method is then used to add the QTreeWidget
to the layout. We set this layout for the main window using the setLayout
method.
Finally, we display the main window using the show
method and start the application’s event loop with sys.exit(app.exec())
. This event loop waits for user interactions and handles them accordingly, keeping the application running until the user closes the window.
By following these steps, you have successfully set up your development environment and created a simple PyQt6 application with a QTreeWidget
widget. In the next sections, we’ll explore how to add and customize items in QTreeWidget
.
Creating a Basic QTreeWidget
The QTreeWidget
widget provides a simple and efficient way to display and manage hierarchical data in PyQt6 applications. In this section, we will create a basic QTreeWidget
widget and add it to a PyQt6 application.
Introduction to QTreeWidget
QTreeWidget
is a convenient class for handling and displaying hierarchical data. It is a part of the PyQt6 module and provides a variety of methods to add, remove, and manipulate tree items. QTreeWidget
inherits from QTreeView
and provides a higher-level interface for managing tree data.
Code Example: Creating a Basic QTreeWidget
To create a basic QTreeWidget
, follow these steps:
- Create a New Python File: Open your IDE or text editor and create a new Python file named
basic_qtreewidget.py
. - Write the Code: Copy and paste the following code into your
basic_qtreewidget.py
file:
import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTreeWidget, QTreeWidgetItem
# Create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create a QWidget instance (main window)
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle('Basic QTreeWidget Example')
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)
# Create a QVBoxLayout instance
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# Create a QTreeWidget instance
tree_widget = QTreeWidget(window)
tree_widget.setHeaderLabels(['Column 1', 'Column 2'])
# Add the QTreeWidget to the layout
layout.addWidget(tree_widget)
# Set the layout for the main window
window.setLayout(layout)
# Show the main window
window.show()
# Run the application's event loop
sys.exit(app.exec())
- Run the Script: Save your file and run it. You should see a window appear with an empty
QTreeWidget
displaying two columns.
By following these steps, you have created a basic QTreeWidget
widget in a PyQt6 application. In the next sections, we will explore how to add items to QTreeWidget
and customize their appearance.
Adding Items to QTreeWidget
Adding items to QTreeWidget
is straightforward and can be done using various methods provided by the class. In this section, we will explore how to add single and multiple items with parent-child relationships to QTreeWidget
.
Methods to Add Items to QTreeWidget
You can add items to QTreeWidget
using the addTopLevelItem
method for single top-level items or the addTopLevelItems
method for multiple top-level items. Each item added to the QTreeWidget
is represented by a QTreeWidgetItem
object, which can be customized further.
Code Example: Adding Single and Multiple Items with Parent-Child Relationships
To add items to QTreeWidget
, follow these steps:
- Create a New Python File: Open your IDE or text editor and create a new Python file named
add_items_qtreewidget.py
. - Write the Code: Copy and paste the following code into your
add_items_qtreewidget.py
file:
import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTreeWidget, QTreeWidgetItem
# Create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create a QWidget instance (main window)
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle('Add Items to QTreeWidget Example')
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)
# Create a QVBoxLayout instance
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# Create a QTreeWidget instance
tree_widget = QTreeWidget(window)
tree_widget.setHeaderLabels(['Column 1', 'Column 2'])
# Add single top-level item to QTreeWidget
top_level_item = QTreeWidgetItem(tree_widget)
top_level_item.setText(0, 'Parent 1')
top_level_item.setText(1, 'Value 1')
# Add child items to the top-level item
child_item_1 = QTreeWidgetItem(top_level_item)
child_item_1.setText(0, 'Child 1')
child_item_1.setText(1, 'Value 1.1')
child_item_2 = QTreeWidgetItem(top_level_item)
child_item_2.setText(0, 'Child 2')
child_item_2.setText(1, 'Value 1.2')
# Add another top-level item to QTreeWidget
top_level_item_2 = QTreeWidgetItem(tree_widget)
top_level_item_2.setText(0, 'Parent 2')
top_level_item_2.setText(1, 'Value 2')
# Add child items to the second top-level item
child_item_3 = QTreeWidgetItem(top_level_item_2)
child_item_3.setText(0, 'Child 1')
child_item_3.setText(1, 'Value 2.1')
child_item_4 = QTreeWidgetItem(top_level_item_2)
child_item_4.setText(0, 'Child 2')
child_item_4.setText(1, 'Value 2.2')
# Add the QTreeWidget to the layout
layout.addWidget(tree_widget)
# Set the layout for the main window
window.setLayout(layout)
# Show the main window
window.show()
# Run the application's event loop
sys.exit(app.exec())
- Run the Script: Save your file and run it. You should see a window with a
QTreeWidget
displaying two parent items, each with two child items.
By following these steps, you have successfully added single and multiple items with parent-child relationships to a QTreeWidget
in a PyQt6 application. In the next section, we will explore how to customize the appearance and behavior of items in QTreeWidget
.
Customizing QTreeWidget Items
QTreeWidget
allows you to customize the appearance and behavior of its items. This includes setting custom text, icons, and tooltips for each item. In this section, we will explore these customization options with code examples.
Customizing Appearance and Behavior of Items
You can customize the appearance and behavior of QTreeWidgetItem
objects using various methods provided by the class. Some of these methods include setText
, setIcon
, and setToolTip
.
Code Example: Customizing Text, Icons, and Tooltips
To customize the appearance and behavior of QTreeWidget
items, follow these steps:
- Create a New Python File: Open your IDE or text editor and create a new Python file named
custom_qtreewidget_items.py
. - Write the Code: Copy and paste the following code into your
custom_qtreewidget_items.py
file:
import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTreeWidget, QTreeWidgetItem
from PyQt6.QtGui import QIcon
# Create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create a QWidget instance (main window)
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle('Custom QTreeWidget Items Example')
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)
# Create a QVBoxLayout instance
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# Create a QTreeWidget instance
tree_widget = QTreeWidget(window)
tree_widget.setHeaderLabels(['Column 1', 'Column 2'])
# Create a QTreeWidgetItem with custom text and tooltip
item1 = QTreeWidgetItem(tree_widget)
item1.setText(0, 'Custom Item 1')
item1.setText(1, 'Value 1')
item1.setToolTip(0, 'This is custom item 1')
# Create a QTreeWidgetItem with custom text, icon, and tooltip
item2 = QTreeWidgetItem(tree_widget)
item2.setText(0, 'Custom Item 2')
item2.setText(1, 'Value 2')
item2.setIcon(0, QIcon('path/to/icon.png'))
item2.setToolTip(0, 'This is custom item 2')
# Add the QTreeWidget to the layout
layout.addWidget(tree_widget)
# Set the layout for the main window
window.setLayout(layout)
# Show the main window
window.show()
# Run the application's event loop
sys.exit(app.exec())
- Run the Script: Save your file and run it. You should see a window with a
QTreeWidget
displaying two customized items: one with custom text and tooltip, and another with custom text, icon, and tooltip.
By following these steps, you have successfully customized the appearance and behavior of items in a QTreeWidget
in a PyQt6 application. In the next section, we will explore how to handle QTreeWidget
signals to respond to user interactions.
Handling QTreeWidget Signals
QTreeWidget
emits various signals that can be connected to custom slot functions to handle user interactions. These signals allow you to respond to changes in the selected item, clicks, double clicks, and more. In this section, we will explore how to handle itemClicked
and itemDoubleClicked
signals.
Introduction to QTreeWidget Signals
The most commonly used signals emitted by QTreeWidget
include itemClicked
, itemDoubleClicked
, and currentItemChanged
. By connecting these signals to custom slot functions, you can define how your application should respond to user interactions with QTreeWidget
.
Code Example: Handling itemClicked and itemDoubleClicked Signals
Let’s create a PyQt6 application that connects to the itemClicked
and itemDoubleClicked
signals of QTreeWidget
to display a message when an item is clicked or double-clicked.
- Create a New Python File: Open your IDE or text editor and create a new Python file named
qtreewidget_signals.py
. - Write the Code: Copy and paste the following code into your
qtreewidget_signals.py
file:
import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTreeWidget, QTreeWidgetItem, QMessageBox
# Slot function to handle itemClicked signal
def on_item_clicked(item, column):
QMessageBox.information(window, 'Item Clicked', f'You clicked: {item.text(column)}')
# Slot function to handle itemDoubleClicked signal
def on_item_double_clicked(item, column):
QMessageBox.information(window, 'Item Double-Clicked', f'You double-clicked: {item.text(column)}')
# Create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create a QWidget instance (main window)
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle('QTreeWidget Signals Example')
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)
# Create a QVBoxLayout instance
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# Create a QTreeWidget instance
tree_widget = QTreeWidget(window)
tree_widget.setHeaderLabels(['Column 1', 'Column 2'])
# Add items to QTreeWidget
items = [('Parent 1', 'Value 1'), ('Parent 2', 'Value 2')]
for parent_text, value_text in items:
parent_item = QTreeWidgetItem(tree_widget)
parent_item.setText(0, parent_text)
parent_item.setText(1, value_text)
for i in range(2):
child_item = QTreeWidgetItem(parent_item)
child_item.setText(0, f'Child {i+1}')
child_item.setText(1, f'{value_text}.{i+1}')
# Connect the itemClicked and itemDoubleClicked signals to the slot functions
tree_widget.itemClicked.connect(on_item_clicked)
tree_widget.itemDoubleClicked.connect(on_item_double_clicked)
# Add the QTreeWidget to the layout
layout.addWidget(tree_widget)
# Set the layout for the main window
window.setLayout(layout)
# Show the main window
window.show()
# Run the application's event loop
sys.exit(app.exec())
- Run the Script: Save your file and run it. You should see a window with a
QTreeWidget
displaying two parent items, each with two child items. When you click or double-click an item, a message box will display the corresponding message.
By following these steps, you have created a PyQt6 application that handles the itemClicked
and itemDoubleClicked
signals emitted by QTreeWidget
, making your application more interactive and responsive to user actions. In the next sections, we will explore how to manage item selection and remove items from QTreeWidget
.
Managing Item Selection
QTreeWidget
supports different selection modes, allowing users to select single or multiple items. In this section, we will explore how to handle selection changes and manage item selection modes.
Single and Multiple Item Selection Modes
You can set the selection mode of QTreeWidget
using the setSelectionMode
method. The available selection modes include:
QAbstractItemView.SelectionMode.SingleSelection
: Only one item can be selected at a time.QAbstractItemView.SelectionMode.MultiSelection
: Multiple items can be selected.QAbstractItemView.SelectionMode.ExtendedSelection
: Multiple items can be selected, and range selection is enabled.QAbstractItemView.SelectionMode.NoSelection
: No items can be selected.
Code Example: Handling Selection Changes
Let’s create a PyQt6 application that demonstrates single and multiple item selection modes and handles selection changes.
- Create a New Python File: Open your IDE or text editor and create a new Python file named
qtreewidget_selection.py
. - Write the Code: Copy and paste the following code into your
qtreewidget_selection.py
file:
import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTreeWidget, QLabel, QTreeWidgetItem, QAbstractItemView
# Slot function to handle selection changes
def on_selection_changed():
selected_items = tree_widget.selectedItems()
selected_texts = [item.text(0) for item in selected_items]
label.setText(f'Selected Items: {", ".join(selected_texts)}')
# Create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create a QWidget instance (main window)
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle('QTreeWidget Selection Example')
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)
# Create a QVBoxLayout instance
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# Create a QLabel instance to display selected items
label = QLabel('Selected Items: None', window)
# Create a QTreeWidget instance
tree_widget = QTreeWidget(window)
tree_widget.setHeaderLabels(['Column 1', 'Column 2'])
tree_widget.setSelectionMode(QAbstractItemView.SelectionMode.MultiSelection)
# Add items to QTreeWidget
items = [('Parent 1', 'Value 1'), ('Parent 2', 'Value 2')]
for parent_text, value_text in items:
parent_item = QTreeWidgetItem(tree_widget)
parent_item.setText(0, parent_text)
parent_item.setText(1, value_text)
for i in range(2):
child_item = QTreeWidgetItem(parent_item)
child_item.setText(0, f'Child {i + 1}')
child_item.setText(1, f'{value_text}.{i + 1}')
# Connect the selectionChanged signal to the slot function
tree_widget.itemSelectionChanged.connect(on_selection_changed)
# Add the QTreeWidget and QLabel to the layout
layout.addWidget(tree_widget)
layout.addWidget(label)
# Set the layout for the main window
window.setLayout(layout)
# Show the main window
window.show()
# Run the application's event loop
sys.exit(app.exec())
- Run the Script: Save your file and run it. You should see a window with a
QTreeWidget
displaying two parent items, each with two child items, and a label displaying the selected items. When you select or deselect items, the label will update to show the current selection.
By following these steps, you have successfully managed item selection in a QTreeWidget
and handled selection changes in a PyQt6 application. In the next section, we will explore how to remove items from QTreeWidget
.
Removing Items from QTreeWidget
Removing items from QTreeWidget
can be done using various methods provided by the class. In this section, we will explore how to remove selected items and specific items from QTreeWidget
.
Methods to Remove Items
You can remove items from QTreeWidget
using the takeTopLevelItem
method, which removes a top-level item at a specified index, or the takeChild
method, which removes a child item at a specified index.
Code Example: Removing Selected and Specific Items
Let’s create a PyQt6 application that demonstrates how to remove selected and specific items from QTreeWidget
.
- Create a New Python File: Open your IDE or text editor and create a new Python file named
remove_items_qtreewidget.py
. - Write the Code: Copy and paste the following code into your
remove_items_qtreewidget.py
file:
import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTreeWidget, QPushButton, QTreeWidgetItem
# Slot function to remove selected items
def remove_selected_items():
selected_items = tree_widget.selectedItems()
for item in selected_items:
index = tree_widget.indexOfTopLevelItem(item)
if index != -1:
tree_widget.takeTopLevelItem(index)
else:
parent = item.parent()
parent.takeChild(parent.indexOfChild(item))
# Slot function to remove the first top-level item
def remove_first_top_level_item():
tree_widget.takeTopLevelItem(0)
# Create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create a QWidget instance (main window)
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle('Remove Items from QTreeWidget Example')
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)
# Create a QVBoxLayout instance
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# Create a QTreeWidget instance
tree_widget = QTreeWidget(window)
tree_widget.setHeaderLabels(['Column 1', 'Column 2'])
# Add items to QTreeWidget
items = [('Parent 1', 'Value 1'), ('Parent 2', 'Value 2')]
for parent_text, value_text in items:
parent_item = QTreeWidgetItem(tree_widget)
parent_item.setText(0, parent_text)
parent_item.setText(1, value_text)
for i in range(2):
child_item = QTreeWidgetItem(parent_item)
child_item.setText(0, f'Child {i+1}')
child_item.setText(1, f'{value_text}.{i+1}')
# Create buttons to remove items
remove_selected_button = QPushButton('Remove Selected Items', window)
remove_first_button = QPushButton('Remove First Top-Level Item', window)
# Connect the buttons to the slot functions
remove_selected_button.clicked.connect(remove_selected_items)
remove_first_button.clicked.connect(remove_first_top_level_item)
# Add the QTreeWidget and buttons to the layout
layout.addWidget(tree_widget)
layout.addWidget(remove_selected_button)
layout.addWidget(remove_first_button)
# Set the layout for the main window
window.setLayout(layout)
# Show the main window
window.show()
# Run the application's event loop
sys.exit(app.exec())
- Run the Script: Save your file and run it. You should see a window with a
QTreeWidget
displaying two parent items, each with two child items, and two buttons. When you select items and click the “Remove Selected Items” button, the selected items will be removed. When you click the “Remove First Top-Level Item” button, the first top-level item will be removed.
By following these steps, you have successfully removed selected and specific items from a QTreeWidget
in a PyQt6 application. In the next section, we will explore advanced features of QTreeWidget
, including drag and drop support and integrating it with other widgets.
Advanced QTreeWidget Features
QTreeWidget
offers various advanced features that can enhance its functionality and user experience. In this section, we will explore how to implement drag and drop support and integrate QTreeWidget
with other widgets.
Drag and Drop Support
QTreeWidget
supports drag and drop operations, allowing users to reorder items or drag items between different QTreeWidget
instances. You can enable drag and drop support using the setDragEnabled
, setAcceptDrops
, and setDropIndicatorShown
methods.
Code Example: Implementing Drag and Drop
Let’s create a PyQt6 application that demonstrates drag and drop support within a QTreeWidget
.
- Create a New Python File: Open your IDE or text editor and create a new Python file named
drag_drop_qtreewidget.py
. - Write the Code: Copy and paste the following code into your
drag_drop_qtreewidget.py
file:
import sys
from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QTreeWidget, QTreeWidgetItem, QAbstractItemView
# Create an instance of QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
# Create a QWidget instance (main window)
window = QWidget()
window.setWindowTitle('Drag and Drop QTreeWidget Example')
window.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 300)
# Create a QVBoxLayout instance
layout = QVBoxLayout()
# Create a QTreeWidget instance
tree_widget = QTreeWidget(window)
tree_widget.setHeaderLabels(['Column 1', 'Column 2'])
tree_widget.setDragEnabled(True)
tree_widget.setAcceptDrops(True)
tree_widget.setDropIndicatorShown(True)
tree_widget.setDragDropMode(QAbstractItemView.DragDropMode.InternalMove)
# Add items to QTreeWidget
items = [('Parent 1', 'Value 1'), ('Parent 2', 'Value 2')]
for parent_text, value_text in items:
parent_item = QTreeWidgetItem(tree_widget)
parent_item.setText(0, parent_text)
parent_item.setText(1, value_text)
for i in range(2):
child_item = QTreeWidgetItem(parent_item)
child_item.setText(0, f'Child {i+1}')
child_item.setText(1, f'{value_text}.{i+1}')
# Add the QTreeWidget to the layout
layout.addWidget(tree_widget)
# Set the layout for the main window
window.setLayout(layout)
# Show the main window
window.show()
# Run the application's event loop
sys.exit(app.exec())
- Run the Script: Save your file and run it. You should see a window with a
QTreeWidget
displaying two parent items, each with two child items. You can drag and drop the items to reorder them within the list.
By following these steps, you have successfully implemented drag and drop support within a QTreeWidget
in a PyQt6 application.
Conclusion
In this article, we explored the versatile and powerful QTreeWidget
widget in PyQt6. We started with an introduction to QTreeWidget
and its importance in GUI applications. We then walked through setting up your development environment, creating a basic QTreeWidget
, and adding items to it.
We demonstrated how to customize the appearance and behavior of QTreeWidget
items and handle QTreeWidget
signals to make your application more interactive. Additionally, we covered managing item selection, removing items, and implementing advanced features such as drag and drop support.
The examples and concepts covered in this article provide a solid foundation for working with QTreeWidget
in PyQt6. However, the possibilities are endless. I encourage you to experiment further and explore more advanced features and customizations. Try combining QTreeWidget
with other PyQt6 widgets and see how you can create rich, interactive user interfaces. Don’t hesitate to experiment with different styles, signals, and slots to make your applications unique and engaging.
Additional Resources for Learning PyQt6 and QTreeWidget
To continue your journey with PyQt6 and QTreeWidget
, here are some additional resources that will help you expand your knowledge and skills:
- PyQt6 Documentation: The official documentation is a comprehensive resource for understanding the capabilities and usage of PyQt6. PyQt6 Documentation
- Online Tutorials and Courses: Websites like Real Python, Udemy, and Coursera offer detailed tutorials and courses on PyQt6, catering to different levels of expertise.
- Books: Books such as “Rapid GUI Programming with Python and Qt” by Mark Summerfield provide in-depth insights and practical examples.
- Community and Forums: Join online communities and forums like Stack Overflow, Reddit, and the PyQt mailing list to connect with other PyQt developers, ask questions, and share knowledge.
- Sample Projects and Open Source: Explore sample projects and open-source PyQt6 applications on GitHub to see how others have implemented various features and functionalities.
By leveraging these resources and continuously practicing, you’ll become proficient in PyQt6 and be well on your way to developing impressive and functional desktop applications.