Dart: Type Matching

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Dart: Type Matching

Imagine you have a box of toys. Some are cars, some are dolls, and some are building blocks. If you wanted to play a game that only uses cars, you would first check each toy to see if it’s a car, right? In programming, we do the same thing with type matching.

Dart is a language that works with different types of data, like numbers, words (strings), and even custom objects. Sometimes, we need to check what type something is before we use it. That’s where type matching comes in! In this article, we will learn how to check types, match them in switch statements, and handle mixed types safely.

Checking Types with is

Dart has a simple way to check if something is a certain type. It’s called the is keyword. Think of it like asking, “Is this a car?” before playing a car game.

Example: Checking a Variable’s Type

void main() {

  var item = "Hello, Dart!";

  if (item is String) {
    print("This is a string!");
  } else {
    print("This is not a string.");
  }

}

What’s Happening Here?

  1. The variable item holds some text (a string).
  2. We use item is String to check if it’s a string.
  3. If it is, we print “This is a string!”.
  4. If it’s something else, we print “This is not a string.”

Try changing item to a number and see what happens!

Type Matching with switch and Patterns

Sometimes, we don’t just want to check if something is a certain type—we want to handle different types differently. This is where switch and pattern matching come in!

Think of it like sorting laundry. Socks go in one pile, shirts in another, and pants somewhere else. In Dart, we can use switch to separate different types.

Example: Handling Multiple Types

void main() {

  dynamic value = 42; // Try changing this to a string or a double

  switch (value) {

    case int():
      print("This is an integer.");
      break;

    case double():
      print("This is a decimal number.");
      break;

    case String():
      print("This is a string.");
      break;

    default:
      print("This is something else.");

  }

}

What’s Happening Here?

  1. We create a value that can be any type.
  2. The switch statement checks what type value is.
  3. If it’s an int, we say “This is an integer.”
  4. If it’s a double, we say “This is a decimal number.”
  5. If it’s a String, we say “This is a string.”
  6. If it’s something else, we print “This is something else.”

Try changing value to different things and see how Dart sorts them!

Handling Nullable and Mixed Types

In Dart, a variable can sometimes be null, which means it has no value. We need to handle this carefully so our program doesn’t crash.

Think of it like checking if your backpack is empty before going to school. If it’s empty, you wouldn’t want to leave without your books!

Example: Handling Null Values

void main() {

  String? name;

  if (name is String) {
    print("Hello, $name!");
  } else {
    print("Oops! No name was given.");
  }

}

What’s Happening Here?

  1. We create a name variable that can be null.
  2. We check if name is a String.
  3. If it is, we say hello.
  4. If not, we print “Oops! No name was given.”

Try assigning a name to name and see what happens!

Conclusion

Now you know how to check and match types in Dart. You learned how to:

  • Use is to check the type of a variable.
  • Use switch statements with pattern matching to handle different types.
  • Handle null values safely.

Understanding type checking is essential when working with dynamic data. Try building a program that processes user input and categorizes it based on its type. Experiment with different approaches to deepen your understanding and improve your coding skills.

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