Author name: Edward Stephen Jr.

When working with arrays in C, one of the useful operations is finding how many times each element appears. This is called the frequency of elements in the array. For example, in an array like {2, 3, 2, 4, 3, 2}, the number 2 appears three times, the number 3 appears two times, and the […]

Finding the second largest element in an array is a common programming exercise that helps learners practice working with arrays, loops, and conditional statements. While finding the largest element is straightforward, identifying the second largest requires a bit more logic. This problem strengthens the ability to think about array traversal and comparisons, which are important

Searching for an element in a dataset is a common task in programming. Unlike linear search, binary search is a faster method that works on sorted arrays. It repeatedly divides the array in half, checking the middle element each time, until the desired value is found or the search space is empty. Binary search is

Searching is one of the most common operations in programming. In C, a linear search is the simplest method to find an element in an array. It works by checking each element of the array one by one until the desired value is found or the array ends. This technique is ideal for beginners because

Heap Sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm that leverages a binary heap data structure to sort elements. It first builds a max heap from the input array, then repeatedly extracts the maximum element and places it at the end of the array. Heap Sort has a time complexity of O(n log n) and sorts in-place,

Quick Sort is a highly efficient, comparison-based, divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm. It works by selecting a pivot element, partitioning the array around the pivot so that smaller elements go to the left and larger elements go to the right, and then recursively sorting the sub-arrays. Quick Sort has an average time complexity of O(n log n)

Merge Sort is a highly efficient, comparison-based, divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm. It divides the array into two halves, recursively sorts each half, and then merges the sorted halves. Merge Sort has a time complexity of O(n log n), making it suitable for large datasets, and it is a stable sorting algorithm, preserving the relative order of

Insertion Sort is a simple and intuitive sorting algorithm that builds the sorted array one element at a time. It works similarly to how people often sort playing cards in their hands: by taking one element at a time and inserting it at the correct position. Insertion Sort is efficient for small or nearly sorted

Selection Sort is a simple comparison-based sorting algorithm that divides the array into a sorted and an unsorted part. It repeatedly selects the smallest (or largest) element from the unsorted part and swaps it with the first element of the unsorted portion. While easy to implement, Selection Sort is not efficient for large datasets, with

Bubble Sort is one of the simplest sorting algorithms, which repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. Despite its simplicity, it is inefficient for large datasets because of its O(n²) time complexity. Bubble Sort is often used for educational purposes to understand sorting concepts